Northern Sung Dynasty: Landscape Painting Influences Essay -- Art Hist

This was the norm, which went on until the Tang administration (618-907). During the Five Dynasties (907-960), between the ninth and tenth hundreds of years, the pattern of utilizing ink to communicate thoughts gradually assumed control over the utilization of hues in the standard of Chinese scene works of art. As it were, the convention of utilizing hues and the utilization of ink each went on for one thousand years. However the accentuation on utilizing hues really kept going somewhat more. This is on the grounds that the custom of shading painting didn't end in any event, during the stature of monochrome ink painting. While hues structure the focal components in Tang artistic creations, starting in the Five Dynasties time frame, ink assumed a prevailing job. During the Song line (960-1279), hues got significant for a brief period during the finish of the Northern Song (960-1127). Usami takes note of that all artworks require structures. Throughout the entire existence of the Chinese hypothesis of painting, nonetheless, the chief center was a worry not with structure, however with 'something past structure'. (Usami, 1998) Chinese masterminds by and large thought about structure regarding a procedure of 'getting strong'. In any case, in the aesthetic creation of 'tumultuous structures', Chinese composition really came all the more near look like the procedures of creation and change in nature. In this manner painters themselves offered a visual translation of the inventive demonstration that contrasted fundamentally from that defined in the philosophical talk of ideas and words. Mi Fu a southern Song Literati painter in any case, deciphered the expression 'bamboo as a main priority' as an announcement concerned exclusively with that, which existed in the psyche. The structure accomplished in the work of art subsequently came to be comprehended not as gotten from this present reality, however as starting from inside the painter. This freedom of structure from a ... ...ly Chinese Landscape Painting, (Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies) , Vol. 18, No. 3/4 (Dec., 1955), pp. 422-446, Harvard-Yenching Institute http://www.jstor.org/stable/2718439 Sullivan, Michael. â€Å"The Arts of China† Berkeley : University of California Press. 2008 fifth ed. Sullivan, Michael. â€Å"Chinese scene Painting† Berkeley: University of California Press,1980 Usami, Bunri, â€Å"A synopsis of The Problem of Form in Song Dynasty Theories of Painting (Faculty of ArtsShinshu University) Bulletin of the Sinological Society of Japan No.50, 1998 *Usami, Bunri â€Å"A synopsis of The Problem of Form in Song Dynasty Theories of Painting (Faculty of Arts, Shinshu University) Bulletin of the Sinological Society of Japan No.50, 1998 Northern Sung Dynasty: Landscape Painting Influences Essay - Art Hist This was the norm, which went on until the Tang tradition (618-907). During the Five Dynasties (907-960), between the ninth and tenth hundreds of years, the pattern of utilizing ink to communicate thoughts gradually assumed control over the utilization of hues in the standard of Chinese scene works of art. At the end of the day, the custom of utilizing hues and the utilization of ink each went on for one thousand years. However the accentuation on utilizing hues really endured somewhat more. This is on the grounds that the custom of shading painting didn't end in any event, during the tallness of monochrome ink painting. While hues structure the focal components in Tang compositions, starting in the Five Dynasties time frame, ink assumed a predominant job. During the Song administration (960-1279), hues got significant for a brief period during the finish of the Northern Song (960-1127). Usami takes note of that all works of art require structures. Throughout the entire existence of the Chinese hypothesis of painting, in any case, the chief center was a worry not with structure, yet with 'something past structure'. (Usami, 1998) Chinese masterminds by and large thought about structure as far as a procedure of 'getting strong'. In any case, in the imaginative creation of 'riotous structures', Chinese work of art really came all the more near take after the procedures of creation and change in nature. Along these lines painters themselves offered a visual understanding of the inventive demonstration that contrasted profoundly from that figured in the philosophical talk of ideas and words. Mi Fu a southern Song Literati painter nonetheless, deciphered the expression 'bamboo as a main priority' as an announcement concerned exclusively with that, which existed in the psyche. The structure accomplished in the artistic creation in this manner came to be comprehended not as gotten from this present reality, yet as starting from inside the painter. This freedom of structure from a ... ...ly Chinese Landscape Painting, (Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies) , Vol. 18, No. 3/4 (Dec., 1955), pp. 422-446, Harvard-Yenching Institute http://www.jstor.org/stable/2718439 Sullivan, Michael. â€Å"The Arts of China† Berkeley : University of California Press. 2008 fifth ed. Sullivan, Michael. â€Å"Chinese scene Painting† Berkeley: University of California Press,1980 Usami, Bunri, â€Å"A outline of The Problem of Form in Song Dynasty Theories of Painting (Faculty of ArtsShinshu University) Bulletin of the Sinological Society of Japan No.50, 1998 *Usami, Bunri â€Å"A outline of The Problem of Form in Song Dynasty Theories of Painting (Faculty of Arts, Shinshu University) Bulletin of the Sinological Society of Japan No.50, 1998

Agriculture and Barley Farming Taro Essay

Agribusiness and Barley Farming Taro Essay Agribusiness and Barley Farming Taro Essay Individuals from Polynesian islands What do they share practically speaking? Same family line Language Culture Assets and innovation Diverse natural components? Zone Land type †stone devices Discontinuity †lopsided scene prevents agribusiness Atmosphere Water †farming Temperature †appropriate/unsatisfactory for crops Detachment Forestall collaboration, securing of innovation Marine assets Why have tracker gatherers made the change to become ranchers? (in Fertile Crescent, Middle East) Atmosphere Come back to ice-age conditions (dry spell for a long time) prompted creatures ceasing to exist, less nourishment for tracker gatherers Right sort of wild plants Wheat and grain, solid and ready to get by in increasingly outrageous conditions, give great sustenance Cultivating progressively dependable Chasing is certainly not a truly dependable wellspring of food Populace High populace lead to requirement for more food, in this manner cultivating to get more food Water Dry spell so absence of water source, imperative to remain for all time almost a water source Manageability Cultivating is increasingly reasonable over the long haul Innovation Instruments to develop, collect and store food Distinctive efficiency of cultivating (kind of yields) offers ascend to imbalance (down to geological karma) Taro and Bananas versus Wheat and Barley Cultivating taro is a lot harder work, plant 1 by 1 Taro is low in protein contrasted with wheat and grain Taro can't be put away for long time What are the advantages realized by creature training? Meat, milk for human utilization, better nourishment all year Fleece, calfskin for assurance against cool, used to build instruments Eat undesirable food (portions of harvests) and manure to increment farming creation Muscle

Life After A Collage

Life After A Collage Hello from the other side! Like the wizened, immortal Jess Kim, I am finally An Old Person, relatively speaking. Work As mentioned in my graduation entry, I work at Bluefin Labs, a startup of roughly 20 engineers and data scientists (although we are ~50 people in total) based in Kendall Square, just a few blocks from MIT. I’m the youngest employee and the only new grad they’ve ever hired, so when I found out they were going to have interns for the summer, I was all like, “yay! I will not be the least experienced person there!” all of the interns were Ph.D students. “Rachel, are you even old enough to go to a bar?” (“Of course! barely.”) My first month-and-a-bit was spent building a custom charting package to analyze social media commentary relevant to brands and topics. Only two weeks in, we released the first iteration of the software as a tool to compare stats on some of the most popular Olympics topics (who the heck is this Ryan Lochte guy and why are his fans overwhelmingly female?). A few weeks after that, at a company-wide all hands meeting, founder Deb Roy pulled up the app I made*, went to some detergent brand’s page, and demonstrated how a layman could target and optimize ad campaigns to save millions of dollars using our next-day data analysis, all in about two minutes. My lower jaw promptly unhinged itself from my skull and clattered to the floor in a heap of mandibular disarray. #obliviouscodemonkey *I cant give you guys access to a live demo because its proprietarysorry :( I first touched web development less than a year ago, and that project was the first time I’ve ever exercised it in an industry setting. MIT, thanks for beating me senseless with unintuitive C optimization hacks and unrealistically hard algorithmic brainteasers until learning common industry paradigms became utterly trivial. Life As a vehicle-less resident of the same hall in East Campus for all four years, including preorientation, and two summers of my undergraduatehood, I unintentionally limited my opportunities for landing in chummy situations with a wide variety of living groups. A lot of pset groups like to meet up in East Campus, because when it’s getting close to the 9am deadline and the pset drop boxes are two buildings over, you might as well work nearby to minimize the risk of passing out before ferrying the pset to the rendezvous point. People almost always came to me when it was time to work. So, it’s a good idea to occasionally change up your living situation, even if you just do it for a summer, and meeting your new housemates’ friends. No regrets about staying on the same hall during the academic portions of the last four years, though. I love EC enough that I creepily/cruftily went back to help with rush, take tons of i3 footage, and make 5W’s rush posters. What now that Im no longer living in EC? Geographically, my new apartment is at the time-weighted average of every location I frequent in Cambridge! This might not actually be the most convenient location, had I not LEARNED HOW TO RIDE A BIKE THIS SUMMER. It took forty minutes. I should have done it the instant I set foot on campus four years ago. Live and learn (and wear a helmet). Oh, and my housemates have kittens. So many kittens. They are as fearless as they are photogenic, which is heaven for my lens. Cant forget this familiar face. Play A few things I made this summer now that Im no longer scrabbling for graduation requirements: Music videos!   argh there might be some weird desyncing nonsense going on also dont ask why I thought it would be a good idea to shoot handheld with a manual focus portrait-length lens amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br /amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Murals! Bread! Three-bite baguettes are even more delicious than regular ones. A personal website!  Its Google pagerank is nonexistent because I quickly threw it together yesterday morning, but I bet you can find it yourself if you are sufficiently creepy. Im one of those weirdos who actually misses the interesting pset problems and mind-shattering all-nighters of MIT, but I have to admit that working only nine hours a day and having the other fifteen hours completely free for fun and (gasp) sleep is a refreshing change of pace. You’ll hear this a lot from alums, particularly grad students. (Don’t worry, most of us make it.)

Heroes And Heroines Essay - 1015 Words

Heroes and Heroines: A study of Gender Roles in Historical Folklore Historically, fairy tales and other folklore have followed relatively strict gender role profiles. The heroes or heroines of the story all tend to be handsome or beautiful, compassionate and kind, which always wins out. Meanwhile the villains and antagonists are almost directly opposite in physicality, are ugly or brooding in nature, which shows a clear contrast between themselves and the hero or heroine, and an ever-impending conclusive loss at the end of the narrative. In the examination of folklore, one can see that common aspects of gender roles can be found in almost every fairy tale ever created. The Brothers Grimm are well known for their collection of fairy tales†¦show more content†¦Rumplestiltskin also shows clear contrast in gender roles, with similar gender stereotypes as the fable of Rapunzel. In this particular story the Millers Daughter could be considered the Heroine, in which she becomes the Queen and works against Rumplestiltskin to save her child. However, even though the Queen plays an influential role in the story and ultimately outsmarts Rumplestiltskin, she still falls into the gender stereotype of a helpless female in need of saving. When her father brings her before the King and proclaims she can spin gold from straw, she is essentially helpless and awaiting the death sentence that failure would bring. Rumplstiltskin plays a unique role in the story however, playing both savior (at least temporarily) and ultimately the villain. As per the gender standard in the story Rumplestiltskin sweeps in and saves the Millers Daughter by helping her spin the straw to gold and keeps her from death. Rumplestiltskin transforms into the villain when he tries to take the Queens child, loses his bet, and destroys himself in frustration. The story of The Old Woman in the Wood reverses the established gender roles and is relatively unique in that the helpless character in the part icular story is one the reader wouldnt necessarily expect. The poor servant girl plays the role of the Heroine in this story, where she becomesShow MoreRelatedHeroes And Heroines Of The War5095 Words   |  21 PagesAUTHORSHIP This specific document titled â€Å"Heroes and Heroines of the War† was created by Thomas Nast in 1864. Thomas Nast was born on September 27, 1840 in Germany, but six years later his family moved to New York to start a fresh life. Even from a young age, Nast was an avid drawer who later in life would make his greatest ambition into an occupation. He began his career as a political cartoon artist for the Leslie’s Illustrated in 1855 and then in 1859 continued his passion of illustrating at Harper’sRead MoreEvery Good Story Requires Its Villains, Heroes and Heroines. the Study of Management Is No Different and a Perusal of Organisational Textbooks, More Often Than Not, Depicts F. W. Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory as3220 Words   |  13 Pages Submission Deadline: Monday 19th March 2012 (Week 7) Assignment Title: Every good story requires its villains, heroes and heroines. The study of management is no different and a perusal of Organisational Textbooks, more often than not, depicts F. W. Taylor’s Scientific Management theory as the villain of the story and the Human Relations Movement as the hero or heroine. 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There is good reason for this. In today’s sense, heroes and heroines are the epitome of what humans want in themselves. Noble, kind, selfless; these are all traits that embody the modern hero. This was not always the case, however. In ancient literature, the heroes are not good role models, mostRead MoreThe Movie Star Trek II : The Wrath Of Khan960 Words   |  4 Pagesfilm is only as good as its villain. Since the heroes and the gimmicks tend to repeat from film to film, only a great villain can transform a good try into a triumph.† This is a great point from Robert Ebert in his review of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. This holds true for fairy tales as well. Villains are a lmost always the most interesting part of the tale, they’re usually women, and more closely represent us as humans than heroes and heroines. Villains seem to be the most intriguing charactersRead MoreEssay about Heroes and Heroism in Anita Desais Clear Light of Day 1299 Words   |  6 PagesHeroes and Heroism in Anita Desais Clear Light of Day      Ã‚  Ã‚   When one asks a child, What do you want to be when you grow up? a usual response is a fireman or a ballerina.   In Anita Desais Clear Light of Day, however, the young Bim and Raja are somewhat more ambitious; they answer that they want to be a hero and heroine.   Later, Bim asks somewhat bitterly, The hero and heroine-where are they?   Down at the bottom of the well-gone, disappeared (157).   Bim has lost track of her heroes;Read MoreAre Athletes Heroes? Essay1166 Words   |  5 Pagesexceptional athletes heroes ? Heroics is used very broadly and can consist of many different aspects of ones= feats or achievements. While researching this topic, I have found that there are numerous ways to describe a hero. What makes a hero? I have determined in my opinion, that the word Ahero@ consists of ones accomplishments, actions or service that leads to the betterment of others. From my definition of the word, exceptional athletes do have the potential to be heroes. The word hero hasRead MoreWhat Makes A Hero Or Hero?812 Words   |  4 Pagessave her from this excruciating nightmare! Yes, that man may be, in essence, a hero. Because of this stereotypical â€Å"hero†, we do not see the real heroes in life. What really IS a hero or heroine? A hero is what we make of them, although some are undeserving of this title. We make a hero. You, me, society; we all make heroes. We give them this title. Heroes are role models, and role models, in my eyes, should possess three very significant qualities. Courage, humbleness, and morality; these form a heroRead MoreStar Wars : The Force Awakens1492 Words   |  6 Pageswriters and producers of the Star Wars saga have create adventures of heroes and heroines that conquer evil. Throughout history myths and stories have been used for entertainment, religion, and to illustrate cultural values. Joseph Campbell’s Heroic Monomyth is an analysis of the struggles and triumphs that a hero endures duri ng his or her journey. The analysis identifies twelve common themes that are seen throughout the heroes’ quest. Today, modern stories and movies have plot lines that showRead MoreThe Animal Helper And The Human Hero1336 Words   |  6 Pagesheroic act of killing the adult witch that wanted to eat them. Without the duck, the children would not have been able to successfully return home and defeat their stepmother. In this manner, the animal helper assists the main heroes as a type of intervention for the primary heroes of this story: The intervention of a helper is essential to the plot, since this is what usually ensures that the final outcome is a happy one—marriage, reunion with brothers or sisters, husband or wife, or the winning of a

True Love By Wislawa Szymborska - 864 Words

â€Å"True Love† by Wislawa Szymborska In the poem â€Å"True Love† by Wislawa Szymborska, the author explores the concept and authenticity of true love by conveying a sarcastic tone through a dubious perspective. Szymborska’s use of diction, figurative language, and irony provides the reader with a parallel point-of-view about the existence of true love. Beginning a poem with questions creates a sense of wonder and imagination into a reader’s mind about the theme. The pessimistic attitude towards true love is portrayed early on, when the author directs a set of questions towards the reader. â€Å"True Love. Is it normal, is it serious, and is it practical?† (Szymborska 1-2). .This line not only asks the reader to think, but also answers the questions on the author’s stance about true love. Szymborska takes an image of a passionate couple, who are truly in love, and looks at them through the eyes of the envious and sorrowful mass. Each glance towards their happiness forms an outrage th at can only be dissolved by faking â€Å"a little depression for their friends’ sake!† (Szymborska 16). It’s interesting that although many are viewing this couple as a â€Å"happy couple† who are â€Å"drawn randomly from millions† just for each other , the majority still refuse to believe in the possibility of true love (Szymborska 5,11). Szymborska points out the jealousy these people have towards those who are happy. â€Å"Listen to them laughing – it’s an insult† (Szymborska, 17). Why would one not want to see anotherShow MoreRelatedTrue Love By Wislawa Szymborska876 Words   |  4 Pageshearing the words true love, many may think of the joy and happiness of two humans falling for each other in ways only they would know. An exiguous amount of people want what they see in other couples, a connection, a true love. However, with the poem â€Å"True Love† by Wislawa Szymborska, the speaker despises what she witnesses when surrounded by couples. The speaker conveys that she is having a mental argument whether or not true love is possible or even if she can obtain true love. Readers of the poemRead MoreHappiness in True Love After reading â€Å"True Love† I have concluded that Szymborska is trying600 Words   |  3 PagesHappiness in True Love After reading â€Å"True Love† I have concluded that Szymborska is trying promoting true love to the people who don’t believe, by stating the positive aspects to make people live a happier life. In the poem â€Å"True Love† by Wislawa Szymborska, it is obviously talking about true love such as how it happens, and when people are in love or a relationship. She uses a continuous form of sarcasm of people who do believe in true in love, and those who do. This making her a believer, createsRead MoreI Think Romantic Love Is Universal Because It Is A Legacy Of Humanity s Shared Evolutionary Past797 Words   |  4 Pagesmeaning of love? Love is a powerful emotional and spiritual recognition. It can provide a deep happiness, and a deep suffering when unfulfilled. Love is one of the most valuable and cherished feelings in people’s lives. Love is known since the time of Adam and Eve. It makes one feel as if nothing else is needed in order to survive in this worl d. The definitions of love are the same and yet different. There are many authors in stories and poems that use romantic love like Shakespeare and Wislawa SzymborskaRead MoreTrue Love2046 Words   |  9 PagesExplication: â€Å"True Love† by Wislawa Szymborska This paper is an essay is an analysis of Wislawa Szymborska’s poem â€Å"True Love.† When I first read the poem, I was struck by its sheer simplicity and passion at what Szymborska feels that it means for two people to be in love. However; upon further contemplation, I see how she uses the lovers to represent change in an otherwise boring and regimented world where all actions must be taken for the betterment and advancement of the state. â€Å"True Love† is aRead MoreHow True is True Love in Modern Times?2328 Words   |  10 PagesDoes True Love Exist? I love you. These three little words might possibly be the most powerful statement one can make to another person. In life, most yearn for the intimate affection that a certain someone can provide them. Women dream of their Prince Charming to come and sweep them off their feet, while men search for the love of their life that sets their heart on fire. But what happens when love is thrown around without a second thought? Has this four letter word become an overused clichà ©Read More True Love Does Exist Essay2229 Words   |  9 Pages Does True Love Exist?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I love you.† These three little words might possibly be the most powerful statement one can make to another person. In life, most yearn for the intimate affection that a certain someone can provide them. Women dream of their Prince Charming to come and sweep them off their feet, while men search for the love of their life that sets their heart on fire. But what happens when love is thrown around without a second thought? Has this four letter word become an overused clichà ©Read MoreThe Things They Carried And The Beginning1408 Words   |  6 Pagesinto the United States Army and sent to Vietnam where he served with the 198th Infantry Brigade† (268) . The poem â€Å"The End and the Beginning† by Wislawa Szymborska is a poem which portrays post war imagery. The poet growing up in a time where the world war 11 was staged portrays her memories of that time through her lines and her poem capture the true horrific images of the aftermath of a war and the effort that needs to be taken in order to restore a community to its past glory. The Webster’sRead MoreWhat Is Love Exactly? Love Can Be Painful, Love Can Be1185 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is love exactly? Love can be painful, love can be sad, but more than anything love should bring in happiness to a person. It is the most powerful and scariest thing in the world. It makes people do the craziest and dumbest thing that you can never think of. When you love someone, whether you make them mad, cry, upset, or hurt them, true love well never be replaced. For some people it may bring them hope, beauty, and joy into one’s life. 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Analysis of the Provision in Your Setting with Reference...

This assignment will analyse the provision in a setting with reference to theory and guidance, using the National standards, the EYFS guidelines and OFSTED. I currently work in Tameside College Nursery as a Nursery Nurse. My job requires me to work with children between the ages of six months old and five years old as well as being responsible for a small group of children known as my key children. We have three rooms, Ladybird room, Caterpillar room, and Butterfly room. I currently work in the Ladybird room with the younger children. We follow the Early Years Foundation Stage and we base our planning, project files and observations around it. I assess, observe and track all of my key children according to the EYFS (2012) framework and I reflect with the children on their areas of development and make sure to provide next steps from the observations. In my setting we use all of the seven areas of development from the EYFS (2012) framework but according to the EYFS (2012) framework â€Å"three areas are particularly crucial for igniting children’s curiosity and enthusiasm for learning†. Therefore, due to recent changes there are now three prime areas; Personal, Social and Emotional, Communication and Language and Physical Development, which for under twos, we focus on instead of all seven areas of development. If a child who is under two excels in areas such as Mathematics, or Literacy, then we will focus on them as well as the prime areas. 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He was a very strong pillar of support and academic guidance. He was also a very rich source of knowledge that I needed during the entire period of the research work. I also can not forget madam Sandei’s great work. Secondly I pass on my acknowledgement

Essay on Different Methods Of Quantitative Research Essay Example For Students

Essay on Different Methods Of Quantitative Research Essay For this week’s assignment, we were instructed to identify different methods of quantitative research and how the tools can be used to accurately answer problems. In order to evaluate the effectiveness within the respect of management, I had to identify some studies that related to my career field. With respect to the business world and human resource management in general, I decided to focus on the younger generation of managers. There is a constant evolving world of change that drives success in the business world, with that said how are younger managers adapting? Initially off personal interactions I have seen several younger managers struggle with the changes. My personal interactions are not enough to form quantitative research however, so I must use gathered statistics. For this topic, the organizational example will be centered around the study of generational responses to organizational change. This is extremely relevant to my career field as many college students are hired as interns and then quickly become managers. Finally, after reviewing the quantitative research; I will discuss what I envision as the way forward. In order to understand the quantitative research process, we should know a little about it. Quantitative research is all about a numbers game, statistics and mathematical answers to questions. With regards to the business world, everything is about numbers so it would seem that most research would come from the quantitative research method. This research is compiled through several different means such as questionnaires or surveys. Think about this for a second, it is estimated that business within the Unites States spent around $189 billion dollars in 2015 on total media marketing. (2014, December)With q. .employee involvement is critical for preparing employees for change initiatives. There are no signs that the increasing rate of organizational change is slowing (Kotter, 2002). Therefore, there is a need for additional research on leaders personal experience with organizational change across the United States. (Bourne, B, 2015)In my opinion, I truly believe that the constant evolving changes will continue to pick up speed as the business world competes within itself and across the globe. This research document showed how quantitative data is used to evaluate issues going on in different sectors of the world. For human resource managers and business managers, I think that the revamped training that new employees receive will be key. It will not only lay out the expectations, but could allow for innovative ways to announce change coming to particular organizations.

Physics in Cricket Essay Example

Physics in Cricket Paper Cricket is not a game that most Americans know about, however, it is a popular sport in Australia and in other British parts of the world. This sport is not unlike any other sport in the area that it involves a great deal of physics. However, this paper will focus on the aspect of bowling the ball and the batters reaction to this. When comparing Cricket to other sports that most Americans know, the closest match that can be found is baseball. For example, a ball is thrown toward someone with a bat, and the person with the bat attempts to hit the ball outside of a set boundary. Also, the scoring system is cricket is based upon runs. Sounds very similar to baseball, right? Well, it is much like baseball, but the terminology used is different. For example, in baseball, the person who throws the ball is called a pitcher, but in cricket, this person is called a bowler. In contrast, the person who hits the ball with a bat is called a batter, however, a bat in cricket is much different than a bat in baseball. In baseball the bat is round, but in cricket the bat is shaped like a long paddle, meaning it is flat on two sides. We will write a custom essay sample on Physics in Cricket specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Physics in Cricket specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Physics in Cricket specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer First comes the batter when preparing for a game. A controversy that arises in both cricket and baseball alike is the question of â€Å"what size bat should be used? † The answer to this question is, whatever size allows you to put the most possible velocity while making the ball soar off at around a 45-degree angle. This depends on what bat a person is comfortable with. For example, a person might be able to swing a light bat at 45m/s but a heavier bat at 38m/s, therefore in theory the lighter bat would take a ball further because it has more velocity to transfer to the ball, right? Not quite, a heavier bat packs much more momentum and energy, so the force from that would make the ball go further, so the trick is actually swinging the heaviest bat that feels comfortable to swing, because when trying to hit the ball out of the field, this power comes in very handy. The bowler’s role is much different from the batter’s. The bowler’s objective is to get the ball past the batter and hit the wicket, the target that the batter is protecting. One way to approach this feat is to throw the ball as fast as possible without any spin past the batter in hopes that hey will miss and the ball will luckily hit the wicket, but this theory does not work all of the time. For this reason we have another approach, using spin. Since the bowler must bounce the ball, the bowler can make the ball switch directions, increase or even decrease in speed very quickly. While the first technique uses only two dimensions, this technique uses three dimensions. By adding spin to the left, the ball in result will kick to the left when bounced, and the same is true if spin were added to the right, it would kick right very sharply. To cause a ball to kick forward, topspin must be added to the ball, meaning, the ball will be spun in a forward direction. This causes the ball to dive toward the ground, then when it bounces, dive forward at a more reduced angle than what it entered, therefore the ball comes in closer to the ground. Backspin is added by, as you begin your bowl, spinning the ball backward as it is thrown. This causes a slight â€Å"glide† through the air, because of air resistance, and upon impact with the ground, the ball will bounce up at a lesser angle than without spin. Therefore, in contrast to topspin, if it hit the ground in the same place, a ball with backspin would get to the batter at a higher height than would a ball with no spin implied. Next, we have the angle at which the ball hits the ground. With no spin implied, the ball will project itself, or bounce, away from the ground at the same angle it entered. Even though the height at which the ball approaches the batter relies on speed, it also relies heavily on the angle of the bounce. In cricket, all bowlers have, depending upon height of the bowler, around the same place that the ball leaves their hand. Because of this, the angle at which the ball strikes the ground depends on how close or how far away the bowler aims for the ball to hit. If the bowler has measured out how far the place where he plans to bounce the ball, we can calculate the angle at which the ball will strike the ground, and then calculate at what height the ball approaches the batter. However, adding topspin or backspin to a ball defies this. As said earlier, topspin causes the ball to bounce at a lesser angle than normal, depending upon the rate of spin. And adding backspin causes the ball to bounce at a higher angle, also depending upon the rate of spin. In conclusion, physics is used in all sports, and why would cricket be any different? Even though cricket is a complicated sport with many weird rules and regulations, it still uses the same momentum, forces, gravity, and velocities, among many other physics concepts that the sports we know and love use. Particularly, physics is seen through the aspect of bowling the ball and the batter’s reaction to this. Citations MATHS AND PHYSICS OF CRICKET, ESPECIALLY SWING BOWLING . 10 Sep 2008. http://www. msstate. edu/org/mcc/newsinfo/physicsofbowling. pdf. Cross, Rod . The Physics of Cricket. The Physics of Cricket. 10 Sep 2008. http://www. physics. usyd. edu. au/~cross/cricket. html Cricket. Cricket – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 10 Sep 2008 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cricket .

buy custom AGL Resources essay

buy custom AGL Resources essay AGL resources Inc. is a company based in Atlanta. It is one of the oldest enterprises dealing with the distribution of natural gas to six states: Georgia, New Jersey, Virginia, Florida Tennessee, and Maryland in America. The company has been in business for more than 150 years. It is listed at the NYSE and serves 4.5 million end users. In addition to distribution, it provides asset management services to natural gas wholesalers both in the US and Canada (Annual Report, 2011). Natural gas is 92% efficient compared to electricitys 30% and with domestic abundance of natural gas, AGL has been able to carry out its operations successfully for a long time (Annual Report, 2011). Energy Australia, on the other hand, is one of the largest and oldest Australian energy supply corporations that sells gas and electricity to consumers in many states. It was established under the Energy Services corporations Act 1995 and the State Owned Corporations Act 1989 (Annual Report, 2009/10). It is also governed by other subordinate statutory and legislative requirements passed and stipulated by the government through Australian Energy Regulator (AER). It has a customer base of 1.3 million around Australia and targets both residential and business energy consumers. Energy Australia also distributes electricity around Australia by operating one of the largest NSWs electricity networks (Wallenius, Platt, McKenzie, 2008). Currently Energy Australia moves towards providing green renewable energy and offers 5% discount to their customers who consume both electricity and gas from the same supplier (Annual Report, 2009). Fundamental Philosophical Core Business One major difference between AGL and Energy Australia is based on their core products. AGL deals with distribution of natural gas to end users across six states in the United States while Energy Australia suppliers both gas and electricity to end users. The company, however, sold its retail business to TRUenergy in 2011 as a strategy to concentrate on the electricity delivery. AGL serves nearly 4.5 million end users and has been an active market player for more than 150 years. In addition to distribution, it provides asset management services to natural gas whole sellers both in the US and Canada (Annual Report, 2011). In comparison, Energy Australia serves a customer base of 1.3 million around Australia which is less than the number in AGL and targets both residential and business energy consumers. Energy Australia also distributes electricity in Australia by operating one of the largest NSWs electricity networks (Wallenius, Platt, McKenzie, 2008). According to Annual Report 2009, Energy Australia moves towards providing green renewable energy and offered 5% discount to their customers who consume both electricity and gas from the same supplier. Business and Industry As it was stated before, AGLs core business is the distribution of natural gas. The company is also engaged in various related and complimentary businesses like natural gas asset management, logistic activities, and storage among others. Management of these ventures is undertaken through four segments which include distribution operations, retail energy operations, energy investments, and wholesale services. Each of the departments has its head and six distribution utilities that construct and manage gas pipelines in each of the states. Natural gas industry is very competitive with several players in the market. Further, the industry is subjected to strict government regulatory measures that guide pricing, distribution, and storage. In Georgia, the Public Service Commission sets the base rate for pricing. Given that AGL operates in six different states, the company is affected by the regulatory changes that vary from state to state. Unlike AGL resources, Energy Australia is an Australian government corporation, the core business of which is selling of natural gas and electricity to clients in Australia. It supplies gas and electricity to clients both in residential homes and in the business places. It is also a distributor of electricity to NSWs wide electricity network around Australia: in Australian Capital Territory, South Australia, Queensland, NSW and Victoria through a partnership deal with TRUenergy Company (Pitts, 1973). The main concern of Energy Australia is providing sustainable, reliable, green energy to its customers with safety being a top priority for all employees and clients (Hinnawi, 1981). Management and Governance Governance in a firm includes organizational structure coupled with the activities of the board of directors and the audit committee. Board of directors represents top management of AGL. It is directly responsible for companys day to day operations in line with the Georgia Business Corporation Code. Board of directors supports business operations through the provision of qualified managerial skills. AGL has its governance regulations outlined in a special document that incorporates several issues e.g. selection of chairman and CEO, time commitment of directors, frequency of committee meetings, evaluation of CEO, and assessment of Boards performance among other issues. To gain understanding of AGLs governance system, it is important to appreciate the corporate charters and bylaws and the organizations code of ethics (Annual Report, 2011). The corporate charter is issued by the state in which the company operates. It recognizes a company as a separate legal entity. Among other things it includes the exact name of the organization, date of establishment, types of business activities it is authorized to conduct, and the nature and amount of stock it is authorized to issue. Bylaws, on the other hand, include the description of voting methods available to directors in making major decisions, powers of corporate executives, and frequency of shareholder meetings among others (Annual Report, 2010). The code of ethics entails organizational values and ethical standards and must be frequently communicated to staff. Each public company, AGL included, is required by law to disclose the code of ethics. Any company that fails to do so must state this fact and explain the reasons of this failure to the regulatory authority. Any amendment to any of these codes must equally be disclosed. Energy Australia, on the other hand, being a state owned corporation is governed under the Energy Services Corporations act 1995 by Board of Directors, Audit Compliance team, Human Resource team, Capital Investment team, Retail team and other sub committees (Annual Report, 2009). According to the IBM, selected as systems assimilation partner, the Board of Directors is responsible for making key decisions regarding the business. These include safety measures, provision of green energy through the Smart-Grid Smart-City technology, reliability and sustainability of energy for all customers, corporate responsibility, and financial performance of the firm (Clean Energy Astralia, 2009). The board of directors operates at the top of Energy Australias level of management and is responsible for ensuring stability in business through everyday provision of qualified managerial techniques and skills. This role is similar to that of the AGLs board of directors. Similarly, Energy Australia also op erates under codes of conduct and ethics that outline organizational values and ethical standards of behavior. To be integrated in daily operations, these values must be communicated to all staff members frequently to ensure compliance. Each state corporation, Energy Australia being one of them, is obligated by law to disclose the code of ethics to all staff including those that refer to senior management. Future Challenges that AGL and Energy Australia May Face There exist several business risks that energy firms like AGL and Energy Australia are exposed to. These risks must be minimized, while other independent challenges that vary from one company to another must be taken into account as well. Challenges Faced by AGL Given the fact that most of the business operations of AGL are subject to routine regulations by the relevant authorities, compliance costs are a significant part of expenses that the entity must handle. Legislation enacted in Georgia in 1997 that provided for deregulation of gas distribution stated that AGL operations and personnel were to be recognized as substantial expenses. This had an important impact on the financial statement of a company (Annual Report, 2011). This regulation denied the management team a chance to independently make major decisions regarding expansion, and eventually led to a decrease of companys revenues. For example, the table below indicates the costs that the regulatory authority mandated AGL to pay to remediate the previous MGP operating sites (Annual Report, 2011). In millions Cost estimate range Amount recorded Expected costs over next twelve Illinois $134 $216 $134 $19 Georgia and Florida 42 98 58 7 New Jersey 124 174 124 9 North Carolina 10 16 11 2 Total $310 $504 $327 $37 The storage portfolios of AGL include contracts that are paid on delivery of commodity or cash. If the values of these contacts shift in unforeseen direction, then the resulting losses to AGL will be unbearable. This risk exists due to the inflammable nature of the gasses. The infrastructure necessary for safe distribution of gas requires a colossal amount of capital. This means that any further expansion and improvement projects on the existing infrastructure will require large financial support that the company may not raise from the retained earnings. Funds to finance these projects are, therefore, subject to prevailing economic climate. Failure to secure the company financially would, therefore, have a negative impact on its expansion. This in turn will not allow the company to supply energy to new customers as well as it will slow down overall revenue growth. Transport and storage risks. Distribution and storage of gas carry with it several hazards that range from operating risks like leakages to third party damages and mechanical failures. All might cause significant financial losses to a company. In addition, there is the risk of severe injury to staff, damage to property, and environmental pollution challenges. For AGL to minimize these risks a comprehensive review of protection measures needs to be done, such as reexamining the insurance policies against some of the most serious risks. Financial risk as a result of climate change. Many companies in the word today are paying serious attention to global warming as a result of greenhouse gases. As a result, legislators are coming up with very strict laws that impact the energy industry. These laws result in increased operational costs, decline in demand for natural gas, which is the core product of AGL resources, and impact consumer prices of energy (Annual Report, 2011). With further implementation of environmental laws, companies cash flow statements will be impacted to a great extent. This is a challenge Energy Australia is also likely to face in future. This is due to the belief that pollution from burning natural gas and the environmental changes have led to unpredictable and unreliable rainfall distribution, which has direct effects on the generation of hydropower. Inflation and increased gas costs. Future operations of companies are influenced by global gas prices, which are not likely to go down in the near future. Given that infrastructural improvements are capital intensive, inflation adversely affects acquisition of new machinery necessary to improve the existing infrastructure. This is because new purchases are at a much higher price because of inflationary forces. There should, therefore, be a constant policy for improvements that would facilitate continual investment in infrastructure. This objective can be achieved through implementation of proper information technology systems. Challenges Faced by Energy Australia Inflation and increased gas and electricity costs. Due to the global economic recession, companies like Energy Australia that are fully depended on customer consumption may not witness upward trends in revenue collection in the future. Their prospects in the future are also dependent on global gas prices, which are likely to be unstable. Instability in gas prices results from high costs due to inflation, which in its turn eventually leads to reduced customer consumption. Inflation also reduces chances for success of possible expansion programs due to sky rocketed costs of new machinery and equipment necessary to improve infrastructure (Cubria et al, 2011). Distribution and storage safety risks. Gas and electricity are commodities associated with very serious safety risks to both Energy Australia employees and their customers. Even after selling the retail gas business to TRUenergy, safety performance of the firm regarding electricity distribution is still below acceptable rate. This is a result of the massive network development carried out by inexperienced staff (Annual Report, 2009). Leakages from gas distribution lines is another risk that negatively impacts environment and can also lead to contamination of nature and cause damage to human health (Hinnawi, 1981). Energy Australias management team must, therefore, create necessary measures to minimize the challenge in the future to guarantee safety to employees and consumers. Important Decisions Made by the Two Competitors AGL reviewed its depreciation rates that amounted to total $ 2 million per annum in 2010. This was as a result of the May 2010 authorization of new depreciation rates by authorities in Tennessee for Chattanooga (Annual Report, 2011). This indicates the negative impact of regulations on profitability declarations. In March 2011 Energy Australia signed an agreement to sell its retail business to TRUenergy, which is another gas and electricity supplier. This partnership was a strategy that has helped increase the market base to over 2.5 million consumers across Australian Capital Territory, South Australia, Queensland, NSW and Victoria (Cubria et al, 2011). Similarly, in March 2012 Energy Australia signed another five-year partnership with Swimming Australia to bethe new main sponsor of the Australian swim team. This is a part of companys marketing effort to improve its public relations and become closely associated with all sport fans. Fundamental Differences AGLs core business is the distribution of natural gas within six states that it operates in. The company is, however, engaged in numerous related and complimentary activities like natural gas asset management, logistic activities, and storage among others. Management of the various ventures is undertaken with a help of four elements which are: distribution operations, retail energy operations, energy investments, and wholesale services. Energy Australia is a corporation that operates within the energy industry, core business of which is selling natural gas and electricity to clients in Australia. It supplies gas and electricity to clients both in residential homes and in the business places. It is also a distributor of electricity to NSWs wide electricity network around Australia in Australian Capital Territory, South Australia, Queensland, NSW and Victoria through a partnership deal with TRUenergy Company (Cubria et al, 2011). Specific Competitive Advantages of Each Rival Energy Australia is one of the largest and oldest Australian gas and electricity energy supply Corporation that sells gas and electricity to consumers in many states. Being a government institution, it has competitive advantage over the other competitors since it distributes the largest NSWs electricity networks (Wallenius, Platt McKenzie, 2008). According to Annual Report 2009, Energy Australia is moving towards providing green renewable energy and offers 5% discount to their customers who consume both electricity and gas from the same supplier. This move has created positive image about the firm, which is now viewed as a responsible organization with interest in environmental protection and consumer safety. Strategic Moves Made by one Rival that Might Affect the Other The major strategy currently adopted by AGL is the purchase of Nicor in December 2011. This strategy has increased the market share of the company since all the former Nicor customer base is fully added to AGL (Annual Report, 2011). This gives AGL a competitive advantage over other competitors. On the contrary, Energy Australia sold its retail business to TRUenergy but maintained the wholesale business. This has equally expanded its customer base to over 2.5 million in one year. Company Success Stories The strategy used by Energy Australia to sell its retail business in March 2011 to TRUenegy brought success to the company since it managed to increase its customer base to more than 2.5 million, which is nearly 100% increase in number of customers within one year. The company has also been showing the positive trend in revenues and profitability owing to its dominance of the Australian energy market (Cubria et al, 2011). Similarly, AGL has also managed to expand its share due to the recent acquisition of Nicor in December 2011(Annual Report, 2011). This is expected to inject more revenues into the company. The companys financial reports have also been showing this positive trend over the years. Comparison of Performance Statistics In 2011, AGL Resources Inc. achieved a net income of $172 million, which is $2.14 per basic share and $2.12 per diluted share. This illustrated a drop from 2010 income that was $234 million, making $3.02 and $3.00 per basic share and diluted share respectively, because a substantial part of revenue was used for the acquisition of Nicor. When expenses related to Nicor merger in December 9, 2011 totaling to $64 million were excluded, the new adjusted EPS reached 2.92 USD per diluted share in 2011. The GAAP and adjusted figures for the full year comprised 22 days of contribution received from Nicor after acquisition. AGL natural gas serves approximately 4.5 million, which is the largest share in a market (Annual Report, 2011). Energy Australia in 2009/10 achieved earnings of $913 million before interest and tax from revenues of $3.98 billion. This was higher than the earnings before interest and tax (EBIt) recorded in 2008/09 which was $596 million. This was, however, well above the target. The reports of the two companies indicate the upward trend in their financial performance. Conclusion AGL Resources and Energy Australia energy companies operate in different geographical areas with slightly different competitive environments. Unlike AGL resources, Energy Australia is a state corporation operating under the Energy Services corporations Act 1995 and the State Owned Corporations Act 1989, thus enjoying government support. The core product for AGL is natural gas while Energy Australia supplies both natural gas and electricity (Annual Report, 2011). There is a number of differences and similarities in the operation of the two companies relating to governance styles, future challenges that the two energy firms may face, important decisions made, competitive advantages enjoyed over their rivals, strategic decisions made, the successes, and the general performance of the companies. Buy custom AGL Resources essay

Critical Reasoning (The Personal Characteristics that enable leaders Essay

Critical Reasoning (The Personal Characteristics that enable leaders to be Effective ) - Essay Example Thesis: effective leadership is based on different features and not only professional features are important, but also personal characteristics matter a lot. Employees are members of a team, who are able to implement innovative and creative ideas of a leader. Consequently, there is a need for stable and trustful relations between them. Taking into account modern researches and studies in business filed, it is evident that the main attention of researchers and scientists concerns effective leadership. Elving (2005) claims that effective leader can establish changes by means of communication. Basically, the employees are not ready for changes and perceive innovations or changes from a negative perspective. It is on behalf of the effective leader to enable employees to accept organizational changes. In accordance with Elving, there are five basic steps to be taken by leaders: a humane attitude to employees; communication in a friendly and a simple atmosphere; individual treatment for every employee; joking and easy-going manner of communication. In this case, changes and innovations in organizations are perceived â€Å"as is†, because organizational changes will be perceived as self-evident (Bovey 2001, p. 536). Caldwell (2003) claims that â€Å"leaders are transformed managers† (Caldwell 2003, p. 285). Change managers embody ideas and practices of change leaders. Actually, effective leaders invent and embody organizational changes and effective managers have implemented these actions at different organizational levels. Nevertheless, there are different leaders in the Western and the Eastern worlds. Consequently, in order to determine the effective leadership and change management in the Eastern world and Western world, it is relevant to take into account cultural and social peculiarities of different businesses, which are rooted in historic contexts of

Case Study Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case Study Analysis Paper - Essay Example Doug will be required to conduct a diagnosis of the newly initiated orientation program and the prevailing work environment so that he can identify the problems contributing to the poor employee participation. A diagnosis will help Doug determine whether or not his program or the work environment or both are causing problems relative to participation in new employee orientation program (Jackson et al, 2011). It is only after Doug has conducted a diagnosis of the program and the employee work environment can he effectively construct an action plan (Jackson et al, 2011). Doug must be careful however, to check the results and look for additional information which can identify other â€Å"aspects of the problem† (Kubr & Prokopenko, 1989, p. 67). Doug will have to take into account a large spectrum of variables. As von Hippel (1994) informs, in order to solve a problem, information is needed and problem solving â€Å"capabilities† must be utilized (p.429). In this regard Dou g will be required to process the results of his diagnosis and reevaluate six specific facts of a workable strategy: stated goals; diagnosis of the environment; strategizing; evaluation of the strategy; implementing his strategy; and control of the strategy (Schendel & Hofer, 1979). In strategizing, it will be entirely necessary for Doug to take account of the people that he seeks to set goals and strategies for: new employees. In anticipating and setting strategies for new employees and the work environment, it will be necessary for Doug to take into account pre-employment expectations, experiences following employment and any gaps that might influence new employees’ morale (Sutton & Griffin, 2004). For instance, high expectations prior to entering the workplace may not have been fulfilled and thus employee motivation and morale might be low. Doug’s strategy may have to be reorganized around reaching out to employees as a means of motivating employees rather than mere ly orientation strategies. In other words, a diagnosis of the program and the employee’s environmental conditions might inform Doug that his program does not correspond with the experiences of the new employees. Thus an action plan will have to take these factors into consideration. Doug must take all reasonable steps to ensure that he is responsive to the lack of participation by new employees. If the problem turns out to be a mere scheduling problem he might want to reschedule his program so that it accommodates the schedules of a majority, if not all of his new employees. Scheduling may only be one of the problems that require Doug’s attention. It might also be a problem with the gap between pre-employment expectations and post-employment experiences. A review of the literature informs that there are a number of solutions that Doug may consider and these solutions relate to long-term solutions that are built into the working environment. First and foremost, the idea is to create a culture that transfers motivation and learning throughout the organization by virtue of a socialization and invocation process. This can be accomplished by virtue of building competency within the organization â€Å"among employees and local supervisors† (Forman & Jorgensen, 2001, p. 71). It is also necessary to encourage employee involvement in the planning and execution process relative to tasks and

Monoamine Oxidase (Warrior Gene) and Maori Behaviour

Monoamine Oxidase (Warrior Gene) and Maori Behaviour Monoamine Oxidase (Warrior Gene) and  Its Relation to Maori Behaviour Roberto S. Recto Jr. Abstract This essay tackled primarily on the significant link between Monoamine Oxidase (Warrior Gene) and Maori behaviour. Specifically, this may determine the possible causes of the aggressiveness of the Maori population group as observed by other researchers and scientists as explained on their arguments. The study discussed the census of the population and conviction rate of Maori population with other population group. This study also correlates the specific behaviour of an individual to other factors such as parenting and environmental factors, not solely to the warrior gene. Irregularities in Monoamine Oxidase’s level in the body have negative effects that were also discussed on this paper. Domestic violence during childhood was also explained briefly and its negative effects to behaviour of an adult person. Negative behaviours that developed may be controlled and managed especially here in New Zealand with the help of the legislation. Introduction Maori population is 682,200 out of the total New Zealand population of 4,433,000 as of 30 June 2012 according to New Zealand’s latest statistics. Maori make up 15.4 percent of the total population here in New Zealand. Despite a few number of Maori people lives in New Zealand, they commit more crimes and are punished in prison than any other population group. Reasons for this apparent fact have not yet been fully discovered or defended (Statistics New Zealand, 2012). 8,618 is the total count of prisoners in New Zealand, 51 percent (4,391) of which are Maori, 33 percent (2,835) are Europeans and 12 percent (1,006) are Pacific people (Statistics New Zealand, 2012). Some studies may blame domestic violence or poverty as the cause of Maoris committing crime. Others may also blame it way back on their ethnicity and culture. David Rankin, a Ngapuhi elder once said that they have come from a warrior race but because of colonization, they have no more battles to fight and they have too much time on hand so that their inner violent energy is not used up (Dinsdale, 2012). But what is the real cause of this? If nature, culture or ethnic origins are the not the cause of this Maori behaviour, what else? Just this decade, a new controversial idea was offered that became an issue both on scientific and political commentators. Dr. Rod Lea, a researcher from New Zealand and his contemporaries proposed that Maoris carry a â€Å"warrior gene† (Monoamine Oxidase) that makes them more prone to aggressive behaviour that may lead to violence, risky behaviours and criminal acts. He also said that it obviously means that they will be violent or may do risky behaviours but that doesn’t mean that once you are a carrier of this gene, it won’t automatically make you a criminal (Lea, R., Chambers, G. 2007). There may be some other factors at play that may affect their behaviours such as lifestyle, upbringing-related exposures and others. This specific gene was also associated to high rates of alcoholism, smoking and gambling in the said population group (Once were warriors: gene linked to Maori violence, 2006). Monoamine oxidase as the warrior gene Monoamine oxidase aka the warrior gene was coined by a scientific anthropologist Ann Gibson on an Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. (Gibbons, 2004). These enzymes are are involved in the breakdown and synthesis of neurotransmitters. Examples of which are serotonin and dopamine which controls emotions and moods. Being part of the breakdown, Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is capable of manipulating and influencing the person’s mood, emotion, feelings and behavior. Levels of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the brain conclude how fast metabolism of these neurotransmitters occurs. Variations in level of MAO’s in the brain can affect the individual from panic attacks and anxiety disorders to violence and aggression (Anonymous, 2004). The Argument As stated on the introduction Dr. Rod Lea is a researcher from New Zealand. He and his contemporaries proposed that Maoris carry a â€Å"warrior gene† (monoamine oxidase) that makes them more prone to aggressive behaviour. The â€Å"warrior gene† has been linked to criminal acts and associated with risk taking, plus gambling, drug dependence and aggressiveness. Though this gene has been linked to different aggressive and risk taking behaviours, there is no concrete proof that this is the cause of such behaviours. Dr. Nicola Poa a research fellow at Christchurch School of Medicine negated Dr. Rod Lea’s idea. She said it is unheard or unlikely to link a behavior to its said host. Dr. Nicola also said there is a huge ethical behavior behind every action of Maori people. She also stated that it would be a big leap to conclude and connect that this gene would affect the behavior of an individual. She suggested that psychologists and psychiatrists should be involved in this kind of study. Genes are just the basic building blocks of a human being (Stokes, J., 2006). On the other hand, Dr Sam Hancox, a doctor in Otago Universitys at Dunedin Multidisciplinary Area, proposed that the connection between genes and human behavior should also take into consideration environmental factors. He said that a single gene can’t explain everything. It will always be a mixture of different factors (putting emphasis on environmental influences). I quote Dr. Sam Hancox: There is no specific gene for making a great rugby participant, but then if you have the wrong player or participant, no amount of coaching and teaching is going to guarantee he will be an All Black team player. You have to have the perfect set of genes and the perfect set of coaching and teaching. (Stokes, J., 2006). Another research was conducted in 2002. The Otago-based unit researched the results of changes and variation of the Monoamine Oxidase on maltreated and abused children. This research proved that one of the greatest factors of human behavior is his environment and experience. Researchers found some of the population group that they conducted their research on developed antisocial behaviors with high levels of Monoamine Oxidase, despite being maltreated. However 85 per cent of those who are severely maltreated and abused with low levels of the â€Å"warrior gene† also developed antisocial behaviors (Stokes, J., 2006). Another scientist emerged and contradicted Dr.Lea’s research and hypothesis. Dr. Gary Hooks point of view challenges the idea and concept that Maori’s are genetically wired to be aggressive, wild and commit acts of violence. Dr. Hook said there was an obvious flaw on Dr. Lea’s hypothesis especially in their scientific reasoning. Not only was the science criticized, but the ethics of claiming that genes are to blame in Maoris behavior is also questioned. He agreed that conviction rates for domestic violence of Maoris are more compared to other population groups in New Zealand but there is no indication that this is because of Monoamine Oxidase gene that are present in their bodies. This gene has nothing to do with their behavior. Maori nature was not the reason for high criminality rates, he said. Maybe the cause of such behaviors is due to the fact that Maoris are colonized for 160 years by a â€Å"Eurocentric† justice system. (Chapman, K., 2009) Dr. Rod Lea’s argument has been usually weak and unsupported because other factors may affect the behaviour of an individual such as the way they are brought up, social status, economic status and other lifestyle factors. (Stokes, J., 2006). Behavioural effects of MAO irregularities Accepting the argument that the â€Å"warrior gene† is related to Maori’s behaviour and traits is weak. There is no proof of exact evidence that this gene underlies a behavioural variation in man. Was the hypothesis made by the scientists and researches are way too impossible? Or was it a reasonable explanation for violent behaviours? MAOs are extremely vital for proper functioning of the brain as they inactivate or activate neurotransmitters. When this genes are in great quantity, there will also be great inactivation of these neurotransmitters. Depression, criminal deeds, phobias, dependence, addiction and other Neurological disorders can occur. (Batts, S., 2006). Abnormal Monoaminase Oxidase levels may manifest negative behaviors such as the following but not limited to Anxiety, personality disorders, antisocial behaviors, violence and risk taking, aggressive behavior, impulsive aggression, mental disorders, obesity, impulsivity, depression and suicidality impaired impulse control, mental retardation (such as autism, seizures, sleep disturbances) and panic disorders (Raumati Hook G. 2009).This might be the reason why scientists are associating this gene to Maori Behaviors. It seems like these scientists are placing the Maori culture under the category of mental health that being a Maori is a disease. They should also put into consideration that behavioural abnormalities cannot and should not only be isolated as to genetics. Environmental conditions should also be in the picture. The warrior gene versus Childhood experiences versus Maori self determination Concluding or proposing that the gene is to blame on Maori behaviour is the same as categorizing Maori behaviour as psychopath, with borderline psychosis or with psychological problem. Yes there are a huge number of diseases and ailments that may be associated with Monoamine Oxidase deficiency, but for the majority of people it functions quite well and consistently. Though conviction counts for domestic violence of this population group exceed those of other group, there is still no definite indication that the genes carried by Maoris functions differently from other ethnic groups and certainly has no evidence that it has something to do with having an aggressive or negative behaviour. (Stokes, 2006) Unpleasant childhood experiences negatively influence adulthood and how a man sees life, as seen on a recent study. The study was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). According to the study, one out of four young adults was relentlessly maltreated during their childhood days and approximately half of adults in England have suffered an unpleasant childhood experience. Approximately one out of ten adults has experienced four or more undesirable experience during their childhood.There are different kinds and forms of childhood adversity; it may range from physical abuse to emotional neglect and stress. Examples of these forms of experiences are sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, physical neglect, substance abuse in home, mental illness in home, incarceration of family member, parenteral separation or divorce and witnessing against mother (McDonald, K. 2014). Tino Rangatiratanga or Principle of Self-determination is the sovereignty, independence, self-control and self-determination of the Maori people. The idea of Tino Rangatiratanga reinforces and allowing MÄ ori to take control of their own culture, fate, destiny and fortune (Smith, G.,1990). This may also be a factor in Maori behavior wherein they believe that they are the man for themselves. They control what they can. And Maori parents may or may not carry this behavior during their parenting that may affect the upbringing of their child. This may lead to negative behaviors as supported by the previous arguments. Despite of all the criticisms to Maori population group, they still have good traits in their hearts and culture. Manaakitanga is defined as being hospitable. They take a great pride in entertaining and hosting visitors to their land. Manuhiri on the other hand means the highest honour and respect are given by these people to visitors. Kaitiakitanga means guardianship (New Zealand Trade and Enterprise, n.d.). In relation to our study, Maori people are stewards and guardians of their own land. They are keeping it sacred and healthy for their â€Å"children† and â€Å"grandchildren† to inherit. Conclusion As a conclusion of this paper, Genes are not to blame on how people would behave in a society. Genes may be a factor, but it is still not concrete enough to prove everything. Environmental factors should also be taken into consideration especially on Maori’s parenting preference. Parenting has always been an issue not only in Maori’s population group but in every culture on how children would grow up. As I have learned on Values Education during my grade school days, a child’s mind is a clean paper wherein parents are the authors of what the content would be. I also believe that unpleasant childhood experiences will negatively influence adulthood that may lead to aggressiveness and negative behaviours. Every culture and population group have their own positive and negative charaecteristics that other culture may notice. Being aggressive and observed as being violent does not and should not only pertain to Maori’s population group. Putting the spotlight on this population group regarding aggressiveness is quite biased, to think that other population groups are way more aggressive to the point that they are killing and mutilating body parts of their own people. So for me, choice is the biggest factor of what you would become; a choice of who you want to be and what you want to be, combined with environmental and other factors. And if ever negative behaviour arises, it can be managed with the help of good support systems such as our family, friends, government or private institutions and others. Management of Domestic Violence As we discuss this research, domestic violence became a highlight. New Zealand has a law regarding rehabilitation and management of this matter. Domestic violence can never be prevented because it is a choice, but we can manage the outcome it has done with the person involved. Managing the outcome may prevent negative effects that domestic violence has done to an individual. The Domestic Violence Act of 1995 provides rehabilitation programme for those who are victims of domestic violence with protection orders. The Court contracts with other approved organizations and specialized individuals to offer programmes and rehabilitation. These said programmes contribute to the law’s principal goal of providing better protection for the victims of domestic violence. When the court decides that there should be a Protection Order, the person involved may request a programme that may provide information, support (whether psychological, emotional, physical etc.) and education that is related to domestic violence. This request can be made until the third year of the release of the Protection order.( Cram, F., Pihama, L., Jenkins, K., Karehana, M., 2002). Word Count: 2363 words â€Å"References Anonymous (2004). Progress in monoamine oxidase (MAO) research in relation to genetic engineering. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14697876 Anonymous (2006). Once were warriors: gene linked to Maori violence. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/once-were-warriors-gene-linked-to-maori-violence/2006/08/08/1154802890439.html Batts, S. (2006). The Maori, MAO Inhibitors, and the â€Å"Warrior Gene†. Retrospectacle: A Neuroscsience Blog. Retrieved from http://scienceblogs.com/retrospectacle/2006/08/10/the-maori-mao-inhibitors-and-t/ Chapman, K. (2009). Maori â€Å"warrior gene† Research Slammed. Retrieved from http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/2855426/Maori-warrior-gene-research-slammed Cram, F., Pihama, L., Jenkins, K., Karehana, M. (2002). Evaluation of Programmes for Mà ¤ori Adult Protected Persons under the Domestic Violence Act 1995. Ministry of Justice. Retrieved from http://www.kaupapamaori.com/assets/evaulations_programmes.pdf Dinsdale, M. (2012). Maori a violent people Rankin. The Northern Advocate. Retrieved from http://www.nzherald.co.nz/northern-advocate/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503450objectid=11051172 Gibbons, A. (2004). American Association of Physical Anthropologists meeting: tracking the evolutionary history of a â€Å"warrior† gene. Retrieved from http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/304/5672/818a Keller, T. E., Cusick, G. R., & Courtney, M. E. (2007). Approaching the transition to adulthood: Distinctive profiles of adolescents aging out of the child welfare system. Social Services Review, 81, 453-484. Lea, R., Chambers, G. (2007). Monoamine oxidase, addiction, and the â€Å"warrior† gene hypothesis. Journal of the New Zealand Medical Association, 120(1250). Retrieved June 12, 2008, from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/120-1250/2441/. McDonald, K. (2014). Adverse Childhood Experiences Affect Adult Behaviors.Psych Central. Retrieved on January 26, 2015, from http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2014/06/28/adverse-childhood-experiences-affect-adult-behaviors/ New Zealand Trade and Enterprise (n.d.) MANAAKITANGA, KAITIAKITANGA HOSPITALITY, GUARDIANSHIP. new zealand trade and enterprise retrieved from https://www.nzte.govt.nz/en/how-nzte-can-help/te-kete-tikanga-maori-cultural-kit/manaakitanga-kaitiakitanga-hospitality-guardianship/ Raumati Hook G. (2009). â€Å"Warrior genes† and the disease of being MÄ ori. MAI Review. Retrieved from http://www.review.mai.ac.nz/index.php/MR/article/viewFile/222/243 Smith, G. H. (1990) Research Issues Related to Maori Education. Retrieved from http://www.rangahau.co.nz/research-idea/27/ Statistics New Zealand (2008). Retrieved from http://www.stats.govt.nz/default.htm Statistics New Zealand (2012). Retrieved from http://www.stats.govt.nz/tools_and_services/media-centre/additional-releases/maori-population-estimates-15-nov-2012.aspx Stokes, J. (2006). Maori warrior gene claims appalling, says geneticist. The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved from http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1objectid=10395491 â€Å"

The Mormon Religion - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints :: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

The Mormon Religion - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, true? Not true? Christians? Not Christians? These are some of the questions people ask about the Mormon church. How did the Mormon church start? Joseph Smith Jr. was born in 1805 in Sharon, Windsor County, Vermont, to Joseph and Lucy Mack Smith. He had 10 brothers and sisters. His parents taught him to pray, read the Bible, and to have faith in God. At age 14, Joseph saw God the Father and His Son, Jesus Christ, in his First Vision. At age 17, Joseph began to receive heavenly messengers who prepared him for his role in the Restoration of the Church of Jesus Christ to the earth. He was a prophet, just like those in biblical times. The First Vision As a boy, Joseph Smith was surrounded by various churches which each claimed to teach the truth. This caused him much serious reflection. He wanted to know which church was right. One day he read a passage in the Bible which says, â€Å"If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not; and it shall be given him† (James 1:5). Joseph decided to accept the invitation to ask God.(James 1:5) 5 aIf†¢ any of you lack bwisdom, let him ask of God, that cgiveth to all men liberally, and dupbraideth†¢ not; and it shall be given him. In the spring of 1820, Joseph went to a grove of trees near his home and prayed to learn which church he should join. In answer to his prayer, Heavenly Father and His Son, Jesus Christ, appeared to him. Joseph wrote: â€Å"When the light rested upon me I saw two Personages, whose brightness and glory defy all description, standing above me in the air. One of them spake unto me, calling me by name and said, pointing to the other—This is My Beloved Son. Hear Him!† Joseph was told to join none of the churches that existed at that time. Joseph’s written account of this event is a powerful testimony of what he saw and experienced. Joseph’s written account After I had retired to the place where I had previously designed to go, having looked around me, and finding myself alone, I kneeled down and began to offer up the desires of my heart to God. I had scarcely done so, I saw a pillar of clight†¢ exactly over my head, above the brightness of the dsun†¢, which descended gradually until it fell upon me.

Sand Casting Techniques

MME 3210 Materials Processing Techniques Laboratory Assignment – Sand Casting of an Aluminium 13wt% Silicon Alloy 1) Process Attributes Waste shown yellow* Waste shown yellow* After taking part in the sand casting laboratory session it was made clear that the process possessed many advantages and disadvantage, both from the process itself and from the final part produced. Observing the process step by step it was noted that the tasks carried out by the operator were not very difficult (i. e compacting sand, pouring liquid metal) and so giving the advantage of only requiring a low skill level.However, although the process did not involve a large amount of skill it was observed to be very labour intensive and took a long time to complete one cycle of the process (around 30mins). Having a long cycle time is clearly a disadvantage as time is money in the manufacturing industry but this could be slightly reduced if multiple moulds were prepared simultaneously. Another advantage obs erved during the sand casting procedure was that the equipment used was not very expensive and unlike other casting processes the mould was reusable.With only a low capital investment needed this would make short production runs viable. Probably the most noticeable disadvantage to the sand casting method was the low material utilization. In the labs example (seen left), almost a third of the material used is lost to the riser, runners and feeder. Particularly in today’s waste conscious culture this can cause many problems, however it can be tackled by better design. 2) Process Problems Shrinkage: Shrinkage defects in the final product are usually the result of a feeding defect.As shrinkage naturally occurs during the solidification process, if liquid metal is not sufficiently fed through the feeding system to compensate then it will result in an indented surface. The surface defect was clearly shown in the lab example (shown left). A shrinkage defect normally occurs on the la st part to solidify, so logically in the labs case the shrinkage occurred on the surface of the thickest part Furthermore the big defect problem of a surface sink was observed in the sand casting lab session (shown left).A sink such as this would give major dimensional inaccuracies and would probably have to be redone as it would be unsuitable and uneconomical for further processing. Solution: One way in which an engineer could reduce the effects of shrinkage is to design the mould to compensate for the shrinkage during solidification (i. e making the mould larger). Also due to shrinkage being mainly associated in being a feeding problem, the redesign of the feeding system would reduce the set back. Making the feeding sprue thicker would ensure that the system continues to feed liquid metal to the cavity, thus preventing shrinkage.Furthermore utilizing a uniform part thickness would also tackle the problem reducing residue stresses and leading to uniform cooling. Rough Surface Textu re: The defect causes an undesirable distorted surface finish and is formed due to the texture created from the compacted sand used to create the mould cavity. The effect was observed in the part created from the lab session and can be seen right. Solution: The rough surface effects created from the mould sand can be significantly reduced by using sand with very small grain size.Particularly for the face sand which lines the surface of the mould cavity, if the grains used are very fine then surface finish will be improved dramatically. Porosity: The defect of porosity occurs because of the liquid metal used to create the part can hold large amounts of dissolved gasses. As the liquid metal solidifies, the materials new solid form can no longer hold these gasses and so they form bubbles. These bubbles can be generated both on the surface of the material and internally, thus they effect the strength of the materials solid form and resulting in a decrease in mechanical properties.Effect s of porosity shown above* Effects of porosity shown above* In the lab example holes were added in the sand to allow gas and moisture to escape, however effects of porosity were still clearly visible. Solution: The solution to eliminating the undesirable effects of porosity is based around minimizing the amount of gas that is in the liquid metal. One way in which gas inclusion to the liquid metal can be reduced is to minimize the effects of turbulence experienced during the filling process.Similarly to solving the problem of shrinkage, this can be solved by redesigning the filling system. The design used in the lab example used the bad design set up. With the sprue placed at the top of the mould cavity, the liquid metal flows fast splashing in to the mould cavity below and resulting in turbulence and gas inclusions. If the good design set up is implemented then the liquid metal will flow slower and because runner is fed into bottom of the mould cavity with several gates, splashing w ill be significantly reduced, turbulence minimised and inclusion of gasses eliminated.Good design Good design Bad design Bad design 3) Advantages for using Aluminium – Silicon alloy having 13wt% Si: * Aluminium alloys supply reasonably high tensile strength in relation to density, compared with other alloys such as cast steel. * Corrosion resistant in normal environment. * High fluidity of composite melt provides easy transfer and pouring of material to mould (demonstrated in lab shown below). * Utilizes a Eutectic system, reducing defects such as porosity. * Silicon within eutectic results in: Increased corrosion and wear resistance. * Reduced thermal expansion coefficient. * Improved casting and machining characteristics. *Increasing silicon content within alloy will magnify these properties accordingly * Different Al and Si within Eutectic act as a hindrance to dislocation movement. * On part completion, alloy material can be easily polished and painted for an aestheticall y pleasing surface finish. 4) Nucleation Solidification does not happen instantaneously but occurs by a process of nucleation and growth.All pure crystalline solids have a given melting temperature (Tm), although when above this temperature the material will be in a stable liquid state, if cooled to a temperature equal to Tm then the material will start to crystalize. This usually involves some degree of undercooling for crystal nuclei to form. Free Energy Of system Free Energy Of system From the graph above it can be seen that by increasing the undercooling ? T, the free energy also increases ? G. Gets steeper as T is decreased Gets steeper as T is decreased There are different types of nucleation, homogeneous and heterogeneous.Although homogeneous almost never occurs in real life it can be used to build a model of the more realistic heterogeneous nucleation. Heterogeneous occurs on an existing nucleant but unlike homogeneous the nucleated cap is a solid rather than a sphere, thus less atoms are required. Process usually requires liquid to wet the nucleant surface. Growth For growth to be sustained, the temperature of the melt must be less than the melting point. The speed in which growth occurs can be controlled by the amount of undercooling applied, with a large amount of undercooling resulting in rapid growth.In addition the growth also depends on how fast latent heat is removed during crystallization. Both these aspects contribute to the temperature gradient of the melt which affect crystal formation. Constitutional Undercooling Usually caused by non-equilibrium concentration gradient, constitutional undercooling is more likely to be found in alloy casting rather than in pure materials. Seen in the diagram right, the amount of constitutional has a large impact on the type of crystal growth. Looking at the solidification of Al 13% Si, it would be expected to solidify under eutectic solidification.Due the fact that it is a composition of two materials, alum inium and silicon, and that during the lab the material solidified at a single temperature (room temperature). Furthermore it also provides the lowest melting temperature for the materials used. This is an energy savings in a production area. 5) From the many defects created during the creation of the lab example part it was clear that something in the process needed to be changed in order to produce a part of a more acceptable quality.As highlighted earlier, a main area for improvement was with the method of delivering the liquid material to the mould, particularly focusing on the design of the feeder. The current feeder design used is very basic and can be seen right. The set up uses a thick single vertical cylindrical shaft with a very small taper, delivering liquid metal directly to the cavity via a single runner. Concentrating on feeder design, one way in which defects can be reduced is by supplying the cavity with a smooth constant volume of flow.As the current feeder is very thick, the material is delivered very fast to one area of the cavity causing turbulence and inclusion of unwanted gas. This undesired effect could be minimized by changing the set up of having one large feeder to possibly 3 smaller ones. The use of multiple feeders would allow a more evenly distributed and constant metal flow. In addition the angle of taper could be increased to assist constant volume flow. Cavity Cavity Multiple feeders Multiple feeders Each of the feeders used should be reduced in thickness as much as possible, still maintaining the desired flow rate.This is important as although deliverance of material is critical, the amount of waste material must be reduced as much as possible. Although only visual inspection was applied to the produced lab part, if it was discovered that the defects main cause was that of impurities within the solidified material than the Cosworth ‘’upward fill’’ system could be employed. Due to its upward fill the p rocess eliminates the problem of impurities within the liquid melt and impurities that sink or float are discarded. References http://www. acetake. com http://www. rheocast. com www. electrochemsci. org/papers/vol4